<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Legally
Obtaining Rights to Music for Your Film </span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Installment
#2 –Local artists and specially commissioned works</span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif""><br></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">by
Mary Ellen Tomazic</span></b></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif""><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"><br></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif""><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">       </span>It is important to keep in mind whether
you will actually need a well known composition or recording to set the mood or
tone in your film, or to identify a particular period in time, ala `American
Graffiti’.<a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn1" href="file:///C:/Users/Maryellen/Documents/Indieclub%20article%20%232%20music.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>
For example, a filmmaker thinking of making a horror film using the music of a
well known horror punk band such as The Misfits may find the music is too
expensive to license, and may want to go with a lesser known or local artist of
that genre. Several versions of the band The Misfits are registered with ASCAP
and their publishers administer licenses for their music.<a style="mso-footnote-id:
ftn2" href="file:///C:/Users/Maryellen/Documents/Indieclub%20article%20%232%20music.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[2]</span></span></span></span></a>
The band Dead Vampires from Seattle<a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn3" href="file:///C:/Users/Maryellen/Documents/Indieclub%20article%20%232%20music.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[3]</span></span></span></span></a>,
on the other hand, are not registered with ASCAP, so permission to use their
songs in your film may be easier and less expensive to obtain. Songs by self
published local bands such as Dead Federation<a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn4" href="file:///C:/Users/Maryellen/Documents/Indieclub%20article%20%232%20music.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[4]</span></span></span></span></a>
and American Werewolves<a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn5" href="file:///C:/Users/Maryellen/Documents/Indieclub%20article%20%232%20music.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[5]</span></span></span></span></a>,
both from Cleveland, also may be less expensive and complicated to deal with,
and may be able to work out a composition specifically for your film. A
composer hired to score your movie should ask, “What do you want music to do
for this scene?” If<a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn6" href="file:///C:/Users/Maryellen/Documents/Indieclub%20article%20%232%20music.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:
footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[6]</span></span></span></span></a>
a director can answer this question, then the composer can avoid the mindset of
trying to match a particular sound or style. Instead they can focus on making
the music do what the director wants and create a stronger story.</span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif""><span style="mso-spacerun:yes">      </span>Specially ordered or commissioned music
is the other way to legally obtain music for your film. You can hire a composer
or band to write and perform a complete musical score to your film, or just a
series of musical compositions. The employment agreement will typically require
the artist to compose the music and write the lyrics, arrange and orchestrate
the composition, and conduct or produce the recording. The agreement will
reflect that the composition(s) are a `work-for-hire’ and will belong to the
filmmaker or motion picture company, which will retain all copyrights. A
synchronization license can be negotiated as part of the agreement. The
composer usually is not entitled to royalties, many composer and songwriter
agreements do grant royalty rights to the writers which may include fifty
percent of the performance royalties, six to ten cents per sheet for sheet
music, a ten to twelve percent royalty for multiple song folios. If the writer
is also the producer of the song and or performs as the lead artist, he or she
will receive record production royalties of two to three percent and “artist”
royalties of four to seven percent. Compensation agreements for composers
and/or songwriters are often a blend of fixed compensation and a royalty, with
both greater fixed compensation and lower royalties or vice versa.<a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn7" href="file:///C:/Users/Maryellen/Documents/Indieclub%20article%20%232%20music.docx#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[7]</span></span></span></span></a>
Again, the stature of the composer/artist in these music-for-hire arrangements
and the bargaining power of the filmmaker will influence not only the amount of
compensation but the structure of the contract and possibility of royalties. If
both the filmmaker and composer are unknown, and both are starting their
careers with no track record, the agreement should be more flexible and the
payments lower. As mentioned previously, there are some composers and artists
who offer their music royalty-free, and charge just fixed fees for their works.<a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn8" href="file:///C:/Users/Maryellen/Documents/Indieclub%20article%20%232%20music.docx#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[8]</span></span></span></span></a>
The band Midnight Syndicate is one that regularly composes musical scores and
soundtracks for horror and fantasy films. </span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica">Their
music has appeared at a large variety of halloween and other haunted
attractions including</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica"> </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halloween_Horror_Nights"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;
color:windowtext;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;
padding:0in">Universal Studios' Halloween Horror Nights XVIII</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica">and</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica"> </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Hefner"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:windowtext;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;padding:0in">Hugh Hefner</span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica">'s infamous Halloween parties, in movies such
as</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:
"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica"> </span></span><a href="http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0476071/"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;color:windowtext;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;padding:0in">Robert Kurtzman</span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica">'s The Rage, and featured on television shows
including Monday Night Football and the Barbara Walters specials.</span></span><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn9" href="file:///C:/Users/Maryellen/Documents/Indieclub%20article%20%232%20music.docx#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[9]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif""> The band has recently released its
own film called “The Dead Matter” which is now available on DVD.<a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn10" href="file:///C:/Users/Maryellen/Documents/Indieclub%20article%20%232%20music.docx#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[10]</span></span></span></span></a></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif""> </span></b></p>

<div style="mso-element:footnote-list"><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%">



<div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn1">

<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn1" href="file:///C:/Users/Maryellen/Documents/Indieclub%20article%20%232%20music.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:
footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>
Vincent D. Paragano, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Making Money from
the Airwaves: The Basics of Music Licensing, </i>183-APR N.J. Law. 10, 12
(March/April 1997). </p>

</div>

<div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn2">

<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn2" href="file:///C:/Users/Maryellen/Documents/Indieclub%20article%20%232%20music.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:
footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[2]</span></span></span></span></a> <a href="http://www.ascap.com/">www.ascap.com</a> (ACE title search.)</p>

</div>

<div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn3">

<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn3" href="file:///C:/Users/Maryellen/Documents/Indieclub%20article%20%232%20music.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:
footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[3]</span></span></span></span></a> <a href="http://www.myspace.com/deadvampires">www.myspace.com/deadvampires</a> </p>

</div>

<div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn4">

<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn4" href="file:///C:/Users/Maryellen/Documents/Indieclub%20article%20%232%20music.docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:
footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[4]</span></span></span></span></a> <a href="http://www.myspace.com/deadfederation">www.myspace.com/deadfederation</a></p>

</div>

<div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn5">

<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn5" href="file:///C:/Users/Maryellen/Documents/Indieclub%20article%20%232%20music.docx#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:
footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[5]</span></span></span></span></a> <a href="http://www.americanwerewolves.com/">www.americanwerewolves.com</a> </p>

</div>

<div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn6">

<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn6" href="file:///C:/Users/Maryellen/Documents/Indieclub%20article%20%232%20music.docx#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:
footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[6]</span></span></span></span></a>
Tamara Krinsky, <u>Notes to play by, a primer on music and independent film</u>,
25 The Independent Film and Video Monthly 35, at 5. (March 1, 2002).</p>

<p class="MsoFootnoteText"> </p>

</div>

<div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn7">

<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn7" href="file:///C:/Users/Maryellen/Documents/Indieclub%20article%20%232%20music.docx#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:
footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[7]</span></span></span></span></a>
Paragano, at p.12.</p>

</div>

<div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn8">

<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn8" href="file:///C:/Users/Maryellen/Documents/Indieclub%20article%20%232%20music.docx#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:
footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[8]</span></span></span></span></a>
One website offering royalty-free compositions is PrimaryElements.com.</p>

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<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn9" href="file:///C:/Users/Maryellen/Documents/Indieclub%20article%20%232%20music.docx#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:
footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[9]</span></span></span></span></a> <a href="http://www.examiner.com/horror-in-national/review-of-the-dead-matter-film-debut-of-midnight-syndicate-s-edward-douglas-review">http://www.examiner.com/horror-in-national/review-of-the-dead-matter-film-debut-of-midnight-syndicate-s-edward-douglas-review</a>.</p>


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<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn10" href="file:///C:/Users/Maryellen/Documents/Indieclub%20article%20%232%20music.docx#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:
footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[10]</span></span></span></span></a> <a href="http://www.midnightsyndicate.com/">www.midnightsyndicate.com</a> </p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px; ">Mary Ellen Tomazic is an attorney in Cleveland specializing in entertainment</span></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px; ">issue such as copyright, trademarks, contracts and licenses for musical</span></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="color: black; "><span class="apple-style-span" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14px; ">groups and filmmakers.</span><br></span></p>

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