<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Legally
Obtaining Rights to Music for Your Film </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Installment
#6 – Errors & Omissions and other Insurance</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">by
Mary Ellen Tomazic</span></b><span style="font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif""></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal">
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Errors and Omissions insurance protects filmmakers, their licensees and
assigns from third party claims for copyright or trademark infringement, as
well as defamation, privacy and right of publicity violations. Music rights are
a large part of the clearances required, as the enforcement by the rights
holders is often diligent and wide-ranging. Distributors, television networks,
broadcasters and direct to video markets require Errors and Omissions insurance
before they will exhibit or make available a film. They require a film producer
to indemnify them for claims that might result from the content of their
production. In turn, an insurance company will require proper clearance of all
rights before issuing a policy to a filmmaker. Written agreements must be made
between the producer, creators, authors, writers, performers and any other
persons providing material for the film. Written releases should be obtained
for faces and likenesses of any recognizable living persons. All releases must
provide the producer with the rights to edit, modify, add to or delete
material, change the sequence of events or fictionalize persons or events. All
necessary synchronization and performance licenses from the copyright
proprietors for pre-existing or original music included in the film must be
obtained as well.<a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn1" href="file:///C:/Users/Maryellen/Documents/Indieclub%20article%20%236%20-%20Errors%20&%20Omissions%20and%20other%20Insurance.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:
footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[1]</span></span></span></span></a> Experts
also recommend that clearance work begin at the film’s inception, continue
during filming and be finalized at final cut. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The
process of securing Errors and Omissions insurance takes at least 3 to 5 days
to accomplish and even longer if certain rights or releases, title report and
music clearances have not been obtained.<a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn2" href="file:///C:/Users/Maryellen/Documents/Indieclub%20article%20%236%20-%20Errors%20&%20Omissions%20and%20other%20Insurance.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[2]</span></span></span></span></a>
The producer completes and application for the insurance company, determines
the limits and deductibles the distributor requires, with standard limits $1
million to $3 million with a deductible of $10,000. Your distributor should be
included as an additional insured. The applicant for an E & O policy must
follow written procedures for the clearance of material used in the production,
and must sign a written declaration stating that the detailed information
required in the application for insurance is in all respects true, and that no
information has been omitted, suppressed or misstated. Additionally, the
insurance application form usually must be signed by an attorney who is
familiar with the clearance procedures of the insurance company, and also signs
a declaration that the attorney will use best efforts to insure that the
specific clearance procedures contained in the application are followed, and
that the attorney believes that the statements in the application are correct.<a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn3" href="file:///C:/Users/Maryellen/Documents/Indieclub%20article%20%236%20-%20Errors%20&%20Omissions%20and%20other%20Insurance.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[3]</span></span></span></span></a>
<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Specifically
for music, the producer must obtain written agreements that authorize the
synchronization and performance of songs and recordings (including the music
contained in any clips from other films used in the film) in the production. He
or she must also obtain the right to distribute the production for the proper
duration (now usually in perpetuity) in all media and markets, including
digital uses as previously mentioned such as wireless devices (AMXT clauses),
unless specific media or markets are excluded from insurance coverage.<a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn4" href="file:///C:/Users/Maryellen/Documents/Indieclub%20article%20%236%20-%20Errors%20&%20Omissions%20and%20other%20Insurance.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[4]</span></span></span></span></a>
Errors & Omissions insurance provides other benefits, covering a producer
for libel, slander, invasion of privacy, copyright infringement, plagiarism,
piracy and misappropriation of ideas, and also any form of defamation, product
disparagement, trade libel, infliction of emotional distress, right of
publicity, outrage and outrageous conduct, false light publicity, wrongful
entry, false arrest or malicious prosecution. In our litigious society, many
claims do come up against producers and production companies, but upon
notification of a claim the insurance company will assist in vindicating you
and will pay for your defense costs.<a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn5" href="file:///C:/Users/Maryellen/Documents/Indieclub%20article%20%236%20-%20Errors%20&%20Omissions%20and%20other%20Insurance.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[5]</span></span></span></span></a>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Another type of insurance for films is
business interruption insurance, which covers risks from natural disasters such
as earthquakes, hurricanes, fires and floods. It is often included as part of
an ”all risk” insurance policy. Experienced filmmakers often purchase coverage
that protects against possible business interruption resulting from causes ranging
from weather-related filming delays to equipment failure to the loss of a cast
member or other key film personnel.<a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn6" href="file:///C:/Users/Maryellen/Documents/Indieclub%20article%20%236%20-%20Errors%20&%20Omissions%20and%20other%20Insurance.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[6]</span></span></span></span></a>
An actor’s death or injury can significantly impact a film’s production, so
cast insurance is typically considered an essential component of coverage when
an irreplaceable cast member is involved. Cast insurance generally covers
additional expenses to complete principal photography, or in certain cases,
costs resulting from the necessary abandonment of the production.<a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn7" href="file:///C:/Users/Maryellen/Documents/Indieclub%20article%20%236%20-%20Errors%20&%20Omissions%20and%20other%20Insurance.docx#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[7]</span></span></span></span></a>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>There are several cases of filmmakers
obtaining business interruption insurance, but ending up in court anyway. In
October 2009, Fox Entertainment Corp. filed suit in relation to an insurance
claim made after the delayed production of “Hide and Seek”, a film starring
Robert DeNiro. Fox sought coverage under its motion picture/ television
producers portfolio insurance policy when Robert DeNiro was diagnosed with
prostate cancer shortly before principal photography was to begin. The
diagnosis came two days after DeNiro underwent a medical exam and signed a
related medical certificate and affidavit in connection with Fox’s insurance
application for the film. DeNiro’s request for surgery resulted in a several
month delay of the production and a multi-million dollar loss to Fox. Fox’s
insurer paid the loss but sued DeNiro to recoup the amounts paid, alleging he
failed to disclose that he had undergone a prostate biopsy when he executed the
medical certificate. DeNiro prevailed in the lawsuit, but Fox filed against the
insurer for reimbursement of the amounts Fox incurred defending DeNiro in the
lawsuit.<a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn8" href="file:///C:/Users/Maryellen/Documents/Indieclub%20article%20%236%20-%20Errors%20&%20Omissions%20and%20other%20Insurance.docx#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[8]</span></span></span></span></a>
<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The case raises questions about an
insurer’s remedies if an actor provides a materially fraudulent response to an
insurer in connection with an application for cast insurance. Policies usually
contain a “misrepresentation and fraud” provision which voids the policy if the
named insured knowingly conceals or misrepresents any material fact or
circumstances concerning the insurance. Cases have also been brought against insurance
brokers for not securing the proper coverage for injuries to cast members who
are an “essential element” of their film. This happened when Samuel L. Jackson
was case to star in the film “Black Water Transit” but suffered a back injury
requiring surgery prior to the commencement of principal photography. Capitol Films
alleged in their lawsuit against their insurance broker that the company would
rather abandon the project than recast or delay the film until Jackson
recovered. The insurance policy did not cover pre-production injury, even
though Jackson was declared an “essential element” of the film, and even though pre-production
coverage is standard in the insurance industry, as testified to by a senior
insurance employee.<a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn9" href="file:///C:/Users/Maryellen/Documents/Indieclub%20article%20%236%20-%20Errors%20&%20Omissions%20and%20other%20Insurance.docx#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:
footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[9]</span></span></span></span></a> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman""> In view
of these complex issues in insurance coverage, a filmmaker should research and
review policy terms carefully, and chooses his or her insurance broker wisely.
Asking for an explanation from your insurance agent of what policies cover
before purchase, with examples and scenarios as well as scope of the duty to
defend, will help identify gaps in coverage.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;
line-height:115%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black">Mary Ellen
Tomazic is an attorney in Cleveland specializing in entertainment</span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:black"><br>
<span class="apple-style-span">issue such as copyright, trademarks, contracts and
licenses for musical</span><br>
<span class="apple-style-span">groups and filmmakers.</span><br style="mso-special-character:
line-break">
<br style="mso-special-character:line-break">
</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:
"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman""></span></p>
<div style="mso-element:footnote-list"><br clear="all">
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%">
<div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn1">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn1" href="file:///C:/Users/Maryellen/Documents/Indieclub%20article%20%236%20-%20Errors%20&%20Omissions%20and%20other%20Insurance.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:
Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>
Winnie Wong, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Lights, Cameras, Insurance:
I need Errors & Omissions coverage N OW! </i>Film Independent (July 28,
2009) <a href="http://www.filmindependent.org/content/lights-cameras-insurance-i-need-errors-omissions-coverage-now">www.filmindependent.org/content/lights-cameras-insurance-i-need-errors-omissions-coverage-now</a>.</p>
</div>
<div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn2">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn2" href="file:///C:/Users/Maryellen/Documents/Indieclub%20article%20%236%20-%20Errors%20&%20Omissions%20and%20other%20Insurance.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:
footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[2]</span></span></span></span></a>
Id.</p>
</div>
<div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn3">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn3" href="file:///C:/Users/Maryellen/Documents/Indieclub%20article%20%236%20-%20Errors%20&%20Omissions%20and%20other%20Insurance.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:
footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[3]</span></span></span></span></a> Clearing
House, Inc., <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">A Guide to Clearing Music in
Audio/Visual Multimedia Products</i><span style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt">, </span>467 PLI/P<span style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt">AT
</span>783, 788 (1997).</p>
</div>
<div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn4">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn4" href="file:///C:/Users/Maryellen/Documents/Indieclub%20article%20%236%20-%20Errors%20&%20Omissions%20and%20other%20Insurance.docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:
footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[4]</span></span></span></span></a>
Id. </p>
</div>
<div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn5">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn5" href="file:///C:/Users/Maryellen/Documents/Indieclub%20article%20%236%20-%20Errors%20&%20Omissions%20and%20other%20Insurance.docx#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:
Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[5]</span></span></span></span></a>
Winnie Wong, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Lights, Cameras, Insurance:
I need Errors & Omissions coverage N OW! </i>Film Independent (July 28,
2009) <a href="http://www.filmindependent.org/content/lights-cameras-insurance-i-need-errors-omissions-coverage-now">www.filmindependent.org/content/lights-cameras-insurance-i-need-errors-omissions-coverage-now</a>.</p>
</div>
<div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn6">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn6" href="file:///C:/Users/Maryellen/Documents/Indieclub%20article%20%236%20-%20Errors%20&%20Omissions%20and%20other%20Insurance.docx#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:
footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[6]</span></span></span></span></a> Deborah
L. Stein, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Hollywood’s Spin on Business
Interruption Insurance, </i>L.A. Daily Journal (1-20-2010).</p>
</div>
<div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn7">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn7" href="file:///C:/Users/Maryellen/Documents/Indieclub%20article%20%236%20-%20Errors%20&%20Omissions%20and%20other%20Insurance.docx#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:
footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[7]</span></span></span></span></a> Id.</p>
</div>
<div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn8">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn8" href="file:///C:/Users/Maryellen/Documents/Indieclub%20article%20%236%20-%20Errors%20&%20Omissions%20and%20other%20Insurance.docx#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:
footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[8]</span></span></span></span></a> Id.</p>
</div>
<div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn9">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn9" href="file:///C:/Users/Maryellen/Documents/Indieclub%20article%20%236%20-%20Errors%20&%20Omissions%20and%20other%20Insurance.docx#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:
footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
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mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[9]</span></span></span></span></a>
Id.</p>
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